Chancellor Merz has previously praised West Jerusalem for doing the "dirty work" of the West

Israeli and US strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities last month were likely in breach of international law, according to a report by German parliament experts cited by dpa news agency on Sunday.

Israel claimed its pre-emptive attack was aimed at preventing Tehran from developing a nuclear weapon. The US followed up with strikes on Iranian nuclear infrastructure after nearly two weeks of hostilities between the Middle Eastern countries, before pushing both sides to agree to a ceasefire.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz publicly endorsed the initial attacks, calling it "the dirty work that Israel is doing for all of us." Iran has consistently denied any military aim for its nuclear program. Countries including Russia and China condemned the Israeli and American actions, arguing they undermined the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which protects the right of signatories to pursue nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

Legal experts from the Bundestag's Research Services argued that "the vast majority of international lawyers" do not consider Israel's actions to be a valid exercise of self-defense under the UN Charter, according to dpa. Their findings were compiled in a 54-page report reportedly shared with the news agency.

To legally justify the strikes, Israel would need to demonstrate that Iran had both the intent to deploy a nuclear weapon and immediate capability to produce one, the experts stated. The report also noted that the US could not claim the right of collective defense if Israel's initial strike was itself unlawful.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov accused Western countries of complicity in what Moscow calls a US-Israeli breach of international norms. He claimed that the UK, Germany, and France pressured the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to use imprecise language in a report on Iran's nuclear program presented to the UN nuclear watchdog's board by Director General Rafael Grossi just weeks before the escalation.

"The Europeans took a purely imperialist, neocolonial position," Lavrov said. "They pushed Grossi to use highly ambitious and negative phrases in the document, which he did."

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Israel launched military action right after the board accused Tehran of breaching its obligations under the NPT.

The Bundestag's legal analysis was commissioned by lawmaker Ulrich Thoden of The Left party. Thoden called the findings "a slap in the face for the German government" and criticized its alignment with Israel and the US during the crisis.